The electric field acts between two charges similarly to the way the gravitational field acts between two masses, as they both obey an inverse-square law with distance. : 469–70 Fields that may be defined in this manner are sometimes referred to as force fields. having both magnitude and direction), it follows that an electric field is a vector field. : 469–70 As the electric field is defined in terms of force, and force is a vector (i.e. The electric field is defined at each point in space as the force per unit charge that would be experienced by a vanishingly small positive test charge if held stationary at that point. The field is depicted by electric field lines, lines which follow the direction of the electric field in space. Įlectric field of a positive point electric charge suspended over an infinite sheet of conducting material. The derived SI unit for the electric field is the volt per meter (V/m), which is equal to the newton per coulomb (N/C). The electric field is defined as a vector field that associates to each point in space the (electrostatic or Coulomb) force per unit of charge exerted on an infinitesimal positive test charge at rest at that point. It is also the force responsible for chemical bonding between atoms that result in molecules. In atomic physics and chemistry, for instance, the electric field is the attractive force holding the atomic nucleus and electrons together in atoms. Electric fields and magnetic fields are both manifestations of the electromagnetic field, one of the four fundamental interactions (also called forces) of nature.Įlectric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited in electrical technology. Electric fields originate from electric charges and time-varying electric currents. It also refers to the physical field for a system of charged particles.
#ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY FREE#
The dielectric constant or relative permittivity of a medium can be defined as the ratio of the permittivity of a medium and the permittivity of vacuum of free space. The dipole moment exists only when the positive and negative centres are separate.Ĭoloumb's law states that "the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them." The dipole moment of an isolated atom is zero because the centre of positive and negative charge coincides. The dipole moment of an electric dipole is defined as the product of the two equal charges and perpendicular distance between them i.e. Two equal and opposite charges separated at certain finite distance constitutes electric dipole. Hence, electric lines flux can be defined as the scalar product of electric flux intensity and vector area. system and charges present in the air or Vaccum Here, K is the proportionality constant whose value depends upon the medium in which charges are present and the system of a unit chosen.įor S.I. It states that "the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them."įigure: Two charges separated by a distance r apart. Electric Field Intensity and Electric Flux Coloumb's LawĬoloumb's Law is applied to calculate the force of attraction or repulsion between two-point charges.
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